Мильтон (Блейк): различия между версиями
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− | ==МИЛЬТОН, Поэма в 2 Книгах (ок. 1800—1808) / MILTON.== | + | ==МИЛЬТОН, Поэма в 2 Книгах (ок. 1800—1808) / MILTON.== |
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+ | Milton is an epic poem by William Blake, written and illustrated between 1804 and 1810. Its hero is John Milton, who returns from Heaven and unites with Blake to explore the relationship between living writers and their predecessors, and to undergo a mystical journey to correct his own spiritual errors. | ||
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+ | Milton was Blake's longest published poem to date, and was printed in Blake's characteristic combination of etched text and illustration supplemented by watercolour. | ||
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+ | Preface | ||
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+ | The preface to Milton includes the poem "And did those feet in ancient time", which became the lyrics for the hymn "Jerusalem". The poem appears after a long prose attack on the influence of Greek and Roman culture, which is unfavourably contrasted with "the sublime of the Bible". | ||
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+ | The preface to Milton, as it appeared in Blake's own illuminated version | ||
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+ | The poem is divided into two "books". | ||
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+ | Book I opens with an epic invocation to the muses, drawing on the classical models of Homer and Virgil, and also used by John Milton in Paradise Lost. However, Blake describes inspiration in bodily terms, vitalising the nerves of his arm. Blake goes on to describe the activities of Los, one of his mythological characters, who creates a complex universe from within which other Blakean characters debate the actions of Satan. As with all of Blake's Prophecies, the general structure of the Poem begins with the Fall and ends with the Apocalypse or consummation. The fall is pictured vividly as each of the five senses plummets into an abyss; each "broods" there in fear and desperation. These represent an early fallen Age in Blake's Mythological construct. | ||
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+ | The early pages are dominated by a "Bard's Prophetic Song" who sings in Heaven where the "unfallen" Milton can hear. The relationship The Bard's Song has with the rest of the text is in dispute, and the meaning of it is complex. Referring to the doctrines of Calvinism, Blake's 'Bard' asserts that humanity is divided into the "Elect", the "Reprobate" and the "Redeemed". Inverting Calvinist values, Blake insists that the "Reprobate" are the true believers, while the "Elect" are locked in narcissistic moralism. At this point Milton, hearing the Bard's song, appears and agrees to return to earth to purge the errors of his own Puritan imposture and go to "Eternal death". | ||
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+ | Milton travels to Lambeth, taking in the form of a falling comet, and enters Blake's foot. The foot here representing the point of contact between the human body and the exterior "vegetative world". Thus the ordinary world as perceived by the five senses as a sandal formed of "precious stones and gold" that he can now wear. Blake ties the sandal and, guided by Los, walks with it into the City of Art, inspired by the spirit of poetic creativity. | ||
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+ | Book II finds Blake in the garden of his cottage in Felpham. Ololon, a female figure linked to Milton, descends to meet him. Blake sees a skylark, which mutates into a twelve-year-old girl, who he thinks is one of his own muses. He invites her into his cottage to meet his wife. The girl states that she is actually looking for Milton. Milton then descends to meet with her, and in an apocalyptic scene he is eventually unified with the girl, who is identified as Ololon and becomes his own feminine aspect. | ||
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+ | The poem concludes with a vision of a final union of living and dead; internal and external reality; male and female and a transformation of all of human perception. | ||
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Поэма датирована Блейком 1804 годом, но все 4 копии, дошедшие до нас отпечатаны не ранее 1811 года, а последняя из них (копия “D”) – в 1818 году. Хотя, возможно, что поэма была начата во время трёхлетнего (1800–1803) пребывания Блейка в Фелфаме (графство Сассекс) в усадьбе Уильяма Хейли. Копии отличаются друг от друга не только печатью и раскраской, но и текстом. Последняя из них содержит более полный текст: всего 50 страниц (около 4100 строк). | Поэма датирована Блейком 1804 годом, но все 4 копии, дошедшие до нас отпечатаны не ранее 1811 года, а последняя из них (копия “D”) – в 1818 году. Хотя, возможно, что поэма была начата во время трёхлетнего (1800–1803) пребывания Блейка в Фелфаме (графство Сассекс) в усадьбе Уильяма Хейли. Копии отличаются друг от друга не только печатью и раскраской, но и текстом. Последняя из них содержит более полный текст: всего 50 страниц (около 4100 строк). | ||
Версия 12:51, 5 мая 2013
Мильтон, Поэма в 2 Книгах , пер. Д. Смирнов-Садовский |
Язык оригинала: английский. Название в оригинале: Milton. — Дата создания: ок. 1800—1808 (перевод). |
МИЛЬТОН, Поэма в 2 Книгах (ок. 1800—1808) / MILTON.
Milton is an epic poem by William Blake, written and illustrated between 1804 and 1810. Its hero is John Milton, who returns from Heaven and unites with Blake to explore the relationship between living writers and their predecessors, and to undergo a mystical journey to correct his own spiritual errors.
Milton was Blake's longest published poem to date, and was printed in Blake's characteristic combination of etched text and illustration supplemented by watercolour.
Preface
The preface to Milton includes the poem "And did those feet in ancient time", which became the lyrics for the hymn "Jerusalem". The poem appears after a long prose attack on the influence of Greek and Roman culture, which is unfavourably contrasted with "the sublime of the Bible".
The preface to Milton, as it appeared in Blake's own illuminated version
The poem is divided into two "books".
Book I opens with an epic invocation to the muses, drawing on the classical models of Homer and Virgil, and also used by John Milton in Paradise Lost. However, Blake describes inspiration in bodily terms, vitalising the nerves of his arm. Blake goes on to describe the activities of Los, one of his mythological characters, who creates a complex universe from within which other Blakean characters debate the actions of Satan. As with all of Blake's Prophecies, the general structure of the Poem begins with the Fall and ends with the Apocalypse or consummation. The fall is pictured vividly as each of the five senses plummets into an abyss; each "broods" there in fear and desperation. These represent an early fallen Age in Blake's Mythological construct.
The early pages are dominated by a "Bard's Prophetic Song" who sings in Heaven where the "unfallen" Milton can hear. The relationship The Bard's Song has with the rest of the text is in dispute, and the meaning of it is complex. Referring to the doctrines of Calvinism, Blake's 'Bard' asserts that humanity is divided into the "Elect", the "Reprobate" and the "Redeemed". Inverting Calvinist values, Blake insists that the "Reprobate" are the true believers, while the "Elect" are locked in narcissistic moralism. At this point Milton, hearing the Bard's song, appears and agrees to return to earth to purge the errors of his own Puritan imposture and go to "Eternal death".
Milton travels to Lambeth, taking in the form of a falling comet, and enters Blake's foot. The foot here representing the point of contact between the human body and the exterior "vegetative world". Thus the ordinary world as perceived by the five senses as a sandal formed of "precious stones and gold" that he can now wear. Blake ties the sandal and, guided by Los, walks with it into the City of Art, inspired by the spirit of poetic creativity.
Book II finds Blake in the garden of his cottage in Felpham. Ololon, a female figure linked to Milton, descends to meet him. Blake sees a skylark, which mutates into a twelve-year-old girl, who he thinks is one of his own muses. He invites her into his cottage to meet his wife. The girl states that she is actually looking for Milton. Milton then descends to meet with her, and in an apocalyptic scene he is eventually unified with the girl, who is identified as Ololon and becomes his own feminine aspect.
The poem concludes with a vision of a final union of living and dead; internal and external reality; male and female and a transformation of all of human perception.
Поэма датирована Блейком 1804 годом, но все 4 копии, дошедшие до нас отпечатаны не ранее 1811 года, а последняя из них (копия “D”) – в 1818 году. Хотя, возможно, что поэма была начата во время трёхлетнего (1800–1803) пребывания Блейка в Фелфаме (графство Сассекс) в усадьбе Уильяма Хейли. Копии отличаются друг от друга не только печатью и раскраской, но и текстом. Последняя из них содержит более полный текст: всего 50 страниц (около 4100 строк).
Часть текста является заимствованием из более ранних поэм, главным образом, из «Валы или Четыре Зоа».
В заголовке указано: «Поэма в 2 Книгах» – первоначально Блейк предполагал написать эту поэму в 12 книгах, но позднее число 12 было переправлено на 2.
«Чтоб оправдать Путь Божий пред Людьми» – у Блейка: “To justify the Ways of God to Men” – почти точная цитата из «Потерянного Рая» Мильтона (I:26); в переводе Арк. Штейнберга: «Пути Творца пред тварью оправдав».
Лист 1. Предисловие. Блейк здесь выступает против модного тогда увлечения античным греческим и римским искусством и литературой, призывая вернуться к Библии как к подлинному источнику, из которого, по мнению Блейка (поддерживавшего мнение Мильтона, высказанное им в «Обретённом Рае») античные греческие и римские авторы похищали свои сюжеты, извращая их.
Более древние пророчески Вдохновенные Мужи – авторы Библии.
Дщери Памяти – это античные Музы, дочери Мнемозины (богини памяти). Дщери Вдохновения – это дочери Беулы, см. ниже.
Стихотворение, включённое в предисловие основано на мнении, что Иисус сопровождал Иосифа Аримафейского в Гластонбери (Англия). Стихотворение это показывает, что Блейк верил или был готов поверить в правдивость этой истории. Под названием «Иерусалим» или «Новый Иерусалим» оно было положено на музыку в 1916 году Хьюбертом Парри, и приобрело невероятную популярность. Песня стала вторым (неофициальным) национальным гимном наряду с «Боже храни королеву». Песня была оркестрована Эдвардом Элгаром в 1922 году для фестиваля в Лидсе.